Module | ActiveRecord::Validations::ClassMethods |
In: |
vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb
|
All of the following validations are defined in the class scope of the model that you‘re interested in validating. They offer a more declarative way of specifying when the model is valid and when it is not. It is recommended to use these over the low-level calls to validate and validate_on_create when possible.
DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS | = | { :on => :save, :allow_nil => false, :message => nil |
ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS | = | [ :is, :within, :in, :minimum, :maximum ].freeze |
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 254 254: def condition_block?(condition) 255: condition.respond_to?("call") && (condition.arity == 1 || condition.arity == -1) 256: end
Creates an object just like Base.create but calls save! instead of save so an exception is raised if the record is invalid.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 704 704: def create!(attributes = nil) 705: if attributes.is_a?(Array) 706: attributes.collect { |attr| create!(attr) } 707: else 708: attributes.reverse_merge!(scope(:create)) if scoped?(:create) 709: 710: object = new(attributes) 711: object.save! 712: object 713: end 714: end
Determine from the given condition (whether a block, procedure, method or string) whether or not to validate the record. See validates_each.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 260 260: def evaluate_condition(condition, record) 261: case condition 262: when Symbol: record.send(condition) 263: when String: eval(condition, binding) 264: else 265: if condition_block?(condition) 266: condition.call(record) 267: else 268: raise( 269: ActiveRecordError, 270: "Validations need to be either a symbol, string (to be eval'ed), proc/method, or " + 271: "class implementing a static validation method" 272: ) 273: end 274: end 275: end
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 239 239: def validate(*methods, &block) 240: methods << block if block_given? 241: write_inheritable_set(:validate, methods) 242: end
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 244 244: def validate_on_create(*methods, &block) 245: methods << block if block_given? 246: write_inheritable_set(:validate_on_create, methods) 247: end
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 249 249: def validate_on_update(*methods, &block) 250: methods << block if block_given? 251: write_inheritable_set(:validate_on_update, methods) 252: end
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate the acceptance of a terms of service check box (or similar agreement). Example:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_acceptance_of :terms_of_service validates_acceptance_of :eula, :message => "must be abided" end
The terms_of_service attribute is entirely virtual. No database column is needed. This check is performed only if terms_of_service is not nil and by default on save.
Configuration options:
makes it easy to relate to an HTML checkbox.
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 359 359: def validates_acceptance_of(*attr_names) 360: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:accepted], :on => :save, :allow_nil => true, :accept => "1" } 361: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 362: 363: attr_accessor *attr_names 364: 365: validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 366: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless value == configuration[:accept] 367: end 368: end
Validates whether the associated object or objects are all valid themselves. Works with any kind of association.
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :pages belongs_to :library validates_associated :pages, :library end
Warning: If, after the above definition, you then wrote:
class Page < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :book validates_associated :book end
…this would specify a circular dependency and cause infinite recursion.
NOTE: This validation will not fail if the association hasn‘t been assigned. If you want to ensure that the association is both present and guaranteed to be valid, you also need to use validates_presence_of.
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 654 654: def validates_associated(*attr_names) 655: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:invalid], :on => :save } 656: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 657: 658: validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 659: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless 660: (value.is_a?(Array) ? value : [value]).all? { |r| r.nil? or r.valid? } 661: end 662: end
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate a password or email address field with a confirmation. Example:
Model: class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_confirmation_of :user_name, :password validates_confirmation_of :email_address, :message => "should match confirmation" end View: <%= password_field "person", "password" %> <%= password_field "person", "password_confirmation" %>
The person has to already have a password attribute (a column in the people table), but the password_confirmation is virtual. It exists only as an in-memory variable for validating the password. This check is performed only if password_confirmation is not nil and by default on save.
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 330 330: def validates_confirmation_of(*attr_names) 331: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:confirmation], :on => :save } 332: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 333: 334: attr_accessor *(attr_names.map { |n| "#{n}_confirmation" }) 335: 336: validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 337: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless record.send("#{attr_name}_confirmation").nil? or value == record.send("#{attr_name}_confirmation") 338: end 339: end
Validates each attribute against a block.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_each :first_name, :last_name do |record, attr, value| record.errors.add attr, 'starts with z.' if value[0] == ?z end end
Options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 291 291: def validates_each(*attrs) 292: options = attrs.last.is_a?(Hash) ? attrs.pop.symbolize_keys : {} 293: attrs = attrs.flatten 294: 295: # Declare the validation. 296: send(validation_method(options[:on] || :save)) do |record| 297: # Don't validate when there is an :if condition and that condition is false 298: unless options[:if] && !evaluate_condition(options[:if], record) 299: attrs.each do |attr| 300: value = record.send(attr) 301: next if value.nil? && options[:allow_nil] 302: yield record, attr, value 303: end 304: end 305: end 306: end
Validates that the value of the specified attribute is not in a particular enumerable object.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_exclusion_of :username, :in => %w( admin superuser ), :message => "You don't belong here" validates_exclusion_of :age, :in => 30..60, :message => "This site is only for under 30 and over 60" end
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 614 614: def validates_exclusion_of(*attr_names) 615: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:exclusion], :on => :save } 616: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 617: 618: enum = configuration[:in] || configuration[:within] 619: 620: raise(ArgumentError, "An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash") unless enum.respond_to?("include?") 621: 622: validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 623: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) if enum.include?(value) 624: end 625: end
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression provided.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i, :on => :create end
A regular expression must be provided or else an exception will be raised.
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 562 562: def validates_format_of(*attr_names) 563: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:invalid], :on => :save, :with => nil } 564: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 565: 566: raise(ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash") unless configuration[:with].is_a?(Regexp) 567: 568: validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 569: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless value.to_s =~ configuration[:with] 570: end 571: end
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is available in a particular enumerable object.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_inclusion_of :gender, :in=>%w( m f ), :message=>"woah! what are you then!??!!" validates_inclusion_of :age, :in=>0..99 end
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 587 587: def validates_inclusion_of(*attr_names) 588: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:inclusion], :on => :save } 589: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 590: 591: enum = configuration[:in] || configuration[:within] 592: 593: raise(ArgumentError, "An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash") unless enum.respond_to?("include?") 594: 595: validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 596: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless enum.include?(value) 597: end 598: end
Validates that the specified attribute matches the length restrictions supplied. Only one option can be used at a time:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_length_of :first_name, :maximum=>30 validates_length_of :last_name, :maximum=>30, :message=>"less than %d if you don't mind" validates_length_of :fax, :in => 7..32, :allow_nil => true validates_length_of :user_name, :within => 6..20, :too_long => "pick a shorter name", :too_short => "pick a longer name" validates_length_of :fav_bra_size, :minimum=>1, :too_short=>"please enter at least %d character" validates_length_of :smurf_leader, :is=>4, :message=>"papa is spelled with %d characters... don't play me." end
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 438 438: def validates_length_of(*attrs) 439: # Merge given options with defaults. 440: options = { 441: :too_long => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:too_long], 442: :too_short => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:too_short], 443: :wrong_length => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:wrong_length] 444: }.merge(DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS) 445: options.update(attrs.pop.symbolize_keys) if attrs.last.is_a?(Hash) 446: 447: # Ensure that one and only one range option is specified. 448: range_options = ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS & options.keys 449: case range_options.size 450: when 0 451: raise ArgumentError, 'Range unspecified. Specify the :within, :maximum, :minimum, or :is option.' 452: when 1 453: # Valid number of options; do nothing. 454: else 455: raise ArgumentError, 'Too many range options specified. Choose only one.' 456: end 457: 458: # Get range option and value. 459: option = range_options.first 460: option_value = options[range_options.first] 461: 462: case option 463: when :within, :in 464: raise ArgumentError, ":#{option} must be a Range" unless option_value.is_a?(Range) 465: 466: too_short = options[:too_short] % option_value.begin 467: too_long = options[:too_long] % option_value.end 468: 469: validates_each(attrs, options) do |record, attr, value| 470: if value.nil? or value.split(//).size < option_value.begin 471: record.errors.add(attr, too_short) 472: elsif value.split(//).size > option_value.end 473: record.errors.add(attr, too_long) 474: end 475: end 476: when :is, :minimum, :maximum 477: raise ArgumentError, ":#{option} must be a nonnegative Integer" unless option_value.is_a?(Integer) and option_value >= 0 478: 479: # Declare different validations per option. 480: validity_checks = { :is => "==", :minimum => ">=", :maximum => "<=" } 481: message_options = { :is => :wrong_length, :minimum => :too_short, :maximum => :too_long } 482: 483: message = (options[:message] || options[message_options[option]]) % option_value 484: 485: validates_each(attrs, options) do |record, attr, value| 486: if value.kind_of?(String) 487: record.errors.add(attr, message) unless !value.nil? and value.split(//).size.method(validity_checks[option])[option_value] 488: else 489: record.errors.add(attr, message) unless !value.nil? and value.size.method(validity_checks[option])[option_value] 490: end 491: end 492: end 493: end
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is numeric by trying to convert it to a float with Kernel.Float (if integer is false) or applying it to the regular expression /^[+\-]?\d+$/ (if integer is set to true).
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_numericality_of :value, :on => :create end
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 680 680: def validates_numericality_of(*attr_names) 681: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:not_a_number], :on => :save, 682: :only_integer => false, :allow_nil => false } 683: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 684: 685: if configuration[:only_integer] 686: validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name,value| 687: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").to_s =~ /^[+-]?\d+$/ 688: end 689: else 690: validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name,value| 691: next if configuration[:allow_nil] and record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").nil? 692: begin 693: Kernel.Float(record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").to_s) 694: rescue ArgumentError, TypeError 695: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) 696: end 697: end 698: end 699: end
Validates that the specified attributes are not blank (as defined by Object#blank?). Happens by default on save. Example:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :first_name end
The first_name attribute must be in the object and it cannot be blank.
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
Validate the presence of the foreign key, not the instance variable itself. Do this:
validate_presence_of :invoice_id
Not this:
validate_presence_of :invoice
If you validate the presence of the associated object, you will get failures on saves when both the parent object and the child object are new.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 396 396: def validates_presence_of(*attr_names) 397: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:blank], :on => :save } 398: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 399: 400: # can't use validates_each here, because it cannot cope with nonexistent attributes, 401: # while errors.add_on_empty can 402: attr_names.each do |attr_name| 403: send(validation_method(configuration[:on])) do |record| 404: unless configuration[:if] and not evaluate_condition(configuration[:if], record) 405: record.errors.add_on_blank(attr_name,configuration[:message]) 406: end 407: end 408: end 409: end
Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique across the system. Useful for making sure that only one user can be named "davidhh".
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_uniqueness_of :user_name, :scope => :account_id end
It can also validate whether the value of the specified attributes are unique based on multiple scope parameters. For example, making sure that a teacher can only be on the schedule once per semester for a particular class.
class TeacherSchedule < ActiveRecord::Base validates_uniqueness_of :teacher_id, :scope => [:semester_id, :class_id] end
When the record is created, a check is performed to make sure that no record exists in the database with the given value for the specified attribute (that maps to a column). When the record is updated, the same check is made but disregarding the record itself.
Configuration options:
occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 522 522: def validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names) 523: configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:taken] } 524: configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) 525: 526: validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name, value| 527: condition_sql = "#{record.class.table_name}.#{attr_name} #{attribute_condition(value)}" 528: condition_params = [value] 529: if scope = configuration[:scope] 530: Array(scope).map do |scope_item| 531: scope_value = record.send(scope_item) 532: condition_sql << " AND #{record.class.table_name}.#{scope_item} #{attribute_condition(scope_value)}" 533: condition_params << scope_value 534: end 535: end 536: unless record.new_record? 537: condition_sql << " AND #{record.class.table_name}.#{record.class.primary_key} <> ?" 538: condition_params << record.send(:id) 539: end 540: if record.class.find(:first, :conditions => [condition_sql, *condition_params]) 541: record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) 542: end 543: end 544: end